By Civy Tumusiime
In recent months President Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, has increased interest and focus on the tourism industry, frequently mentioning it in his speeches as one of the key focus areas for post-Covid-19 economic recovery and growth. According to the president, the government targets to significantly accelerate earnings from $1 billion in FY2022/23 to $5 billion by FY2027/28.
Mr President while this audacious 400% increment is possible given Uganda’s latent tourism potential, it cannot be achieved with the same conservative and laissez-faire approach to investing in crucial areas of the sector such as marketing, infrastructure as well as fostering a conducive environment for the private sector to thrive.
Your Excellency, although the tourism sector has remarkably recovered, we are excited at the ambitious government agenda of increasing tourism receipts to $5 billion per annum by 2028.
However we have observed Uganda’s market share of the global tourism sector is below 0.1% of the global industry GDP impact of $9.5 trillion as of 2023 and at below 0.15% of global international arrivals of approximately 1.3 billion at the end of 2023.
According to a recent Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities (MTWA) report, the East African Community (EAC) attracted 5.2 million tourists in 2022. While on average in 2022, tourist arrivals to the EAC recovered to 60% of pre-pandemic levels, with Tanzania, Kenya and Rwanda recovering the most with 95%, 73% and 68% respectively, Uganda, had by the end of 2022 recovered only 52.8% i.e. 814,598 out of the 1,542,620 visitors registered in 2019.
Of these only 11.7% of the 2022 visitors, were leisure tourists, which is just about a third of the 30% of the 2024/25 target.
Your Excellency, we strongly share in your vision of creating a robust $5 billion tourism sector in the medium term as we work towards $12 billion Vision 2040 targets.
While we are yet to be fully made aware of the government’s plans for achieving this ambitious agenda as key stake holders we would like to bring to your attention some of the key things that we believe, need urgent fixing, if Uganda is to firmly get back on the road to full recovery and accelerate towards the $5 billion targets.
For every tourism destination to thrive, there are 5 key ingredients, that ought to be paid attention to. These are attractions/activities (what to see, where to go), accessibility (how to get there), amenities (supporting infrastructure and enablers), accommodation (where to stay) and awareness which is about creating wide stakeholder/tourists knowledge about the above 4As in a way that stimulates demand and subsequently consumption and revenue for the various players across the entire ecosystem and value chain. All the above, require significant investment, from both the government and the private sector.
We believe, the perennial below-potential performance of the sector comes down to under-investment by the government, which also has a knock-on effect on private-sector investments.
MTWA in its FY2022/23 Tourism Development Programme Annual Performance Report reports that while in the first three years of the NDP III period of 5 years (FY 2020/21 2024/25), the government was expected to have invested a total of shs 2.906 trillion, this didn’t come to pass. Only a cumulative total of shs 576 billion (just 20%) was approved as Government funding. This includes the shs 238 billion in non-tax revenue collections from the Ministry and its agencies.
The report also notes that for example during the FY 2022/23, only shs199 billion was appropriated against the NDPIII planned expenditure of shs 635 billion translating into just 31 percent. Of this, only shs180.6 billion (91%) was actually released. The marketing component only received shs24.5 billion a mere 33% of the Programme’s budgeted shs73.54 billion.
Needless to mention, government investment towards a suitable environment, is a major driver of private sector investment. As such on the private sector investment front, there is also a visible disproportionate flow of investments. According to Statistics from Uganda’s Investment Authority (UIA), the tourism sector only received 3.5% of all licensed projects in 2019/20. This low sector private sector investment applies to both investments by indigenous Ugandans (4.5%) and Foreign Direct Investment (3.5%). As such, according to UIA, the sector’s share of planned jobs is only 2.3%.Underinvestment is also responsible for most of the challenges that plague our sector, such as inadequate and unskilled manpower/personnel, low presence of international branded hotel operators, poor tourism infrastructure, undeveloped and narrow product range etc.
Mr. President, to bring to life the government’s agenda to increase tourism revenues to $5 billion, we invite you to relook at the planned investment by the government in the tourism sector.
In FY2023/24 for example, the tourism sector was allocated UGX248.7 billion out of a total national budget of UGX52.7 trillion, an equivalent of only 0.47%. According to the Budget Framework Paper for FY2024/25 presented to Parliament, while the overall budget is expected to grow by 3.6% from UGX52.7 trillion to UGX54.6 trillion, the allocation for the tourism sector remains unchanged at UGX248.7 billion- equivalent to 0.46% of the budget.
Over the next 5 years, tourism sector budget allocations are projected to averagely increase by 10% annually to UGX297.2 billion, UGX352.7 billion, UGX413 billion and UGX481.9 billion in FY2025/26, FY2026/27, FY2027/28 and FY2028/29 respectively, when you factor in the inflationary pressures (an average of 5%), these increments cannot bring about the desired change. It also remains proportionately too low, compared to the sector’s contribution to GDP.
We therefore would like to recommend that government Increases tourism budgets to between 25% and 50% of industry contribution to GDP
Your Excellency, as the country seeks to fully recover from the effects of the pandemic, we strongly believe that the tourism sector presents one of the fastest means of recovery. According to the World Bank, every USD1 spent by a foreign tourist generates an average of USD2.5 of GDP- both directly and indirectly along the value chain. This means the tourism sector has higher returns on investment, compared to the USD 2.3 of GDP generated per USD1 earned from traditional exports from Uganda. Another 2019 study by the World Bank⏤the Statistical and Economic Analysis of Uganda’s Tourism Expenditure and Motivation Survey 2019, estimated that if an additional 100,000 leisure tourists had visited Uganda in 2019, this would have added nearly $100 million to tourism exports, equaling 1.5 per cent to total exports, and generating additional value added in the range of 0.4 per cent to 0.9 per cent of GDP.%! Accordingly, therefore, it is our prayer and recommendation that direct government expenditure on tourism be incrementally increased to at least between 25% to 50% of its GDP contribution. This can be increased incrementally to peak at 5.6% of the national budget. This will provide enough resources to further unlock the sector’s full potential and contribution to the economy as well as the NRM Government’s transformation agenda.
Secondly facilitate Private Sector to Run Supplementary Destination Marketing Efforts:As earlier mentioned, Uganda’s tourism sector post-pandemic recovery is lagging behind that of our regional peers and competitors, namely, Kenya, Tanzania and Rwanda. Your Excellency, the private sector has for a long time been, out of their own pockets supplementing government efforts on Destination Uganda marketing efforts. However, since the pandemic, very few players can do this anymore. We, therefore, recommend and pray for a special three-year direct funding allocation to the private sector association to facilitate marketing efforts such as agent/partner recruitment, participation in major international tourism expos and fairs, visual content bank development as well as direct marketing campaigns.
Your Excellency, accessibility or how easy it is to get to a destination, is one of the key determinants of a positive tourism experience. we applaud the government’s investment in fixing a greater percentage of key tourism-related transport infrastructure such as the 600km of tourism/oil and gas roads, the Paraa Bridge across the R. Nile as well as investment in ferries across various River Nile crossings as well as to the various islands in Lake Victoria. We also applaud government investment into a national airline with direct flights to Uganda and the ongoing construction of an alternative Kabale International Airport in Western Uganda.
We however wish to bring to your attention the worrying and impassable state of the Kisoro -Nkuringo-Rushaga-Ruhija-Bwindi-Buhoma-Kihihi-Ishasha-Katunguru and the Kisoro to Mgahinga roads in south-western Uganda.
Your Excellency, the Kisoro -Nkuringo-Rushaga-Ruhija-Bwindi-Buhoma-Kihihi-Ishasha-Katunguru and the Kisoro to Mgahinga roads are a key link to the Bwindi Impenetrable National Park (3rd most visited National Park) and the Mgahinga National Park. The two parks are among others known for being home to the Gorilla, one of the most treasured tourist attractions and a major revenue driver for Uganda’s tourism sector. The Kisoro -Nkuringo-Rushaga-Ruhija-Bwindi-Buhoma-Kihihi-Ishasha-Katunguru is also an important link between the two parks above, to the Queen Elizabeth National Park as well as Murchison Falls National Park. Relatedly, the Kisoro Airfield, run by the Uganda Civil Aviation Authority (UCAA) is in a sorry state, further compounding the challenges of travelling to these two key national parks. As a result of accessibility challenges, Uganda is beginning to lose a significant number of gorilla clients to neighbouring Rwanda.
The Kitgum-Karenga Road in North Eastern Uganda which is also a major link between West Nile and Northern Uganda to Kidepo National Park also needs urgent fixing, alongside the Kidepo Airstrip
Your Excellency, we are aware that the Kitgum–Kidepo(116 Km), Lake Bunyonyi-Kisoro-Mgahinga (74Km), Karenga-Kapedo-Kaabong (70 Km) and Kisoro-Rubuguri-Muko (65Km) are on the government’s plans for tarmacking, but we pray for fast-tracking of the tarmacking of these vital roads. We also pray for the urgent prioritisation of the repairs of the Kisoro Airfield and the fast-tracking of the expansion of the Kidepo Airstrip.
Relatedly, there is an immediate need to fix other tourism-enabling infrastructure such as broadband connectivity as well as reliable access to water and electricity especially in the national parks.
Uganda Communications Commission (UCC) through its Rural Communications Development Fund (RCDF)/ Uganda Communications Universal Service and Access Fund (UCUSAF) has been trying to improve connectivity in the national parks, however they have been challenged by steep ground rental fees by the Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA). We request for your intervention in this matter, to improve connectivity in the national parks.
Your Excellency, while AUTO fully recognises and is mindful of the importance of maintaining an adequate pricing regime by UWA, to enable it to perform its duties, the implementation of price changes must be aligned with the nature of the business.
It is a well-known fact that worldwide tourists pay up to three years in advance for services, especially Gorilla and Chimpanzee tracking. Most of our members also have long-running definitive contracts with their foreign travel partners that among others have the cost of permits locked-in. Thankfully, implementation of this new tariff regime which was set to start in July 2024, has since been postponed to June 2026 after engagements between the Association of Uganda Tour Operators, UWA and the Ministry, but not without interruptions in the business.
Besides the need for adequate forward guidance on tariff changesof at least 1-2 years, the timing of the implementation of the changes is also wrong.
As mentioned earlier, the sector is still reeling from the effects of the pandemic and Uganda’s tourism sector recovery is trailing that of our major competitors in the region. For example, the occupancy rate for hotels during the year 2022 was 46.9%. but this is still below the 51.9% registered in 2019, before the pandemic. Outside Kampala, occupancy rates are still below the average Eastern (50.2%), Northern (48.5%), Western 33.8% and Central (excluding Kampala) at 30.1%.
Secondly, there are several travel advisories against travel to Uganda from major source markets such as a Level 3 (Reconsider Travel CTO) Travel Advisory of December 2023 by the U.S. State Department; a Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office advisory of 29th December 2023 as well as a 14 November 2023 advisory by the Australian Government and a another by the Canadian government.
While AUTO fully supports and acknowledges that for the Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA) to be effective, it must charge optimally for its services, it is however, our prayer that the timing of the implementation is revisited and delayed until FY2025/26. This will allow for enough time for the sector to fully recover on one part, but also adequately plan for and align our stakeholders on the planned tariff changes. Moving forward, UWA should make it a standard practice to have sufficient consultations as well as forward guidance on tariff revisions of not less than 12 months.
There is also a need for an urgent review of the entire cost of doing business in the tourism sector to harmonise and accelerate post-pandemic tourism recovery.
Your Excellency the hotels/hospitality sector, is one of the major facets of a thriving tourism sector. A conducive regulatory and fiscal regime is therefore key for the survival of this sector. In Uganda however, the sector has to deal with 25 types of central and local government taxes, levies, licensee fees and statutory contributions. These add to the cost of doing business in Uganda, which already has the highest tax regime in the East Africa Community, according to PwC Uganda.
Way forward
There is an urgent need to revisit this taxation regime, to remove the duplicity as well as align with our regional competitors to reduce the cost of doing business and increase Destination Uganda’s competitiveness to both visitors and investors.
Secondly the tourism sector, according to the International Trade Centre⏤a multilateral agency which has a joint mandate with the World Trade Organization and the United Nations through the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, is an export sector, albeit an invisible export. It is a source of foreign exchange earnings; it grows a country’s national output and is subject to the rigours of the international marketplace. It is our prayer that just like Ugandan traditional exports attract a zero rate of tax, a special and favourable taxation regime for the tourism sector be explored as part of efforts to make Destination Uganda more competitive.
Your Excellency, AUTO strongly believes in your vision to catapult tourism sector earnings from the current USD1.1 billion, to reach USD5 billion by 2028. Our beliefs are backed by recent studies that show a much higher return on investment for every dollar invested in the tourism sector.
This however calls for a business-unusual approach. There is a need to significantly invest in boosting the competitiveness and awareness of destination Uganda on one hand, as well as in enhancing the tourism business climate and improving the tourist experience. It is very evident that for Uganda to be able to get anywhere close to the USD5 billion targets by 2028 and USD12 billion targets by 2040, more than ever, there is a need to align national efforts and resources, as well as policy and regulation to build long-term tourism sector competitiveness, resilience and sustainability.
Investing in the right tourism infrastructure, activities and products on one hand and enabling policies and regulatory environment on the other, will enhance Destination Uganda’s competitiveness and reputation, increase both visitor and investor satisfaction, and ultimately increase the volume and value of both visitors and investment to Uganda, in line with the overall Tourism Development Programme objectives.
Otherwise, investing approximately 0.5% of our budget in a sector that we expect to contribute 8.5% of GDP in the medium term, is tourism without ekibaro (cura, aimar, otita)⏤ as your, Excellency, likes to say.
Your Excellency while we acknowledge the impact of COVID-19 on the resource envelope and the performance of the economy, as well as acknowledge and appreciate other public investments into other tourism-enabling sectors such as energy, peace and security as well as transport infrastructure, we wish to reiterate that without directly feeding the goose that lays the eggs, the revolutionary USD 5 billion targets set for 2028, may remain a tall order.
It is our prayer and recommendation that direct government expenditure on tourism be increased to at least 50% of its GDP contribution ⏤ 5.6% before the pandemic in 2019. This will provide enough resources to further unlock the sector’s full potential and contribution to the economy as well as the NRM Government’s transformation agenda.
Your Excellency, as AUTO, we wish to pledge our commitment and the commitment of the private sector entities that we represent, to work with your government to support the efforts to revitalise the tourism sector. We are eager to collaborate closely with your administration, utilising our collective expertise to enhance infrastructure, promote sustainable practices, and elevate Uganda’s global tourism profile.
Lastly, Your Excellency, as we start our year, in light of the recent security-related issues that affected our industry and in light of the other challenges, that the sector continues to face, I would like to once again invite you for a weeklong nationwide tour of our key tourism attractions. As the No.1 Chief Marketing Officer of Destination Uganda, such a visit would not only reinforce confidence in the destination but would also be a great opportunity to exchange fire-side wisdom between yourself and sector leaders, especially in areas of culture.
The writer is the Chairperson of the Association of Uganda Tour Operators (AUTO), the trade association representing the interests of the country’s leading and experienced professional tour operators.
